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debt

“If not another penny was borrowed starting now, and we started to pay back all that debt at a rate of one dollar per second, it would take over 100,000 years to pay it all off?” – Scott Craig Mooney

Debt and usury are tied together.  This is the thesis of Scott Craig Mooney in his original book on the topic, Usury: Destroyer of Nations. Now he’s returned to the fray with a small — but powerful — reminder that we’re in economic trouble.   The Fall of the House of Usury

Mr. Mooney is concerned that no one is talking about what is really wrong, and what is really wrong is usury.  The reason for the lack of discussion on usury is simple: no one really believes it is a principle to be found in Scripture and practiced today.  One of the reasons for this is the apparent “refutation” of usury by John Calvin.

A contents of a letter by John Calvin to Oekolampadius provides us with insight into the great reformer’s view on the topic of usury.  It also provides an opportunity to view any biblical arguments that might be found to support the pro-usury position.

Calvin’s position, however, appears somewhat ambiguous.  For example, he argues on the one hand that “there is no scriptural passage that totally bans usury.”  This is true, but the issue at stake today is not whether there is a general ban on usury, but whether there is any ban at all on the charging of usury.  The Old Testament did not place a total ban on usury: it allowed usury to be charged to foreigners.

While he is not prepared to argue against usury on biblical grounds, Calvin nevertheless attempts to put moderation on the charging of interest.  He prefers that “usurers were chased from every country.”  Hardly an endorsement for usury.

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The idea that rent money is “dead” money has been around a long time.

What is not said so often is that interest money is dead money too. This is not realized because people are under the mistaken notion that you can recover interest that you’ve paid, but you cannot recover rent that you’ve paid. It’s a mistaken notion because this is true only in an appreciating market. In other words, you can “recover” interest only if prices rise. And when prices don’t rise, or don’t rise enough, you won’t recover all or some of the interest you’ve paid.

Imagine this: you rent a house for 25 years and pay the rent on time. The landlord pays off his home with your rental money. At the end of 25 years you do not own the house; you merely walk away when you go and leave the asset to its owner.

When you buy a home, however, you might pay double the price over 25 years because of interest. Let’s say a $200,000 home, and after 25 years you’ve paid $400,000. Now if property values were to double over those 25 years, you could sell your home for $400,000 and recover all the interest you’ve paid as well.

But what would happen if you could only sell your home for its original $200,000 purchase price? Why, the interest you paid would be “dead money” – just as dead as if you rented through those 25 years. Why is it dead money? Because you could not “recover” it in the sale price of your home.

Now there’s a view that says property prices never fall. But the history of housing prices tells another story. Even recent history in a city such as Detroit, tells a different story. There, according to recent research undertaken at MSU, housing prices in the lowest 20% of the market, fell to an average of sixty-seven cents. Even the next lowest quintile came in at under $1,000. So if you think housing prices are always going to rise, you might want to rethink your strategy.

Here’s the important observation, however. Once you borrow, you join all borrowers and now you have a vested interest (pun intended) in price increases in the housing market. You don’t want to “lose” money and not recover everything that you’ve paid, including the interest. If you buy today, in 25 years from now, you’ll anticipate selling your home at least at its current price plus interest.

When you rent, however, the exact opposite is true. You retain a strong desire for lower prices. You don’t want prices to rise. A price increase is no advantage to you, for home prices will rise, rents will rise, and you’ll have to pay more for a home irrespective of whether you rent or buy.

Now the housing market is used time and time again by politicians to crank up the economy. Why? Because home-loan lending is one of the major avenues for banks to put into practice what they have been designed to do: expand the money supply through fractional reserve practices. The expanded money supply (in any form) allows prices to rise, if the expansion of goods and services is slower than the expansion of the money. (A little technicality that makes it difficult to determine precisely how much money values are distorted by monetary inflation.)

But, hey, who’s interested in technicalities. So long as we are not out of pocket personally, we’ll tolerate devaluing of the value of money through expansion of the supply of money.

Now you say you’re in favor of “hard” money. You say you want to end inflation and its bad effects, then sell your home at pre-inflation prices. Sell your home at its purchase price, without the interest.

In other words, take a loss. If you’re not ready to do this, you’re not ready for the economy to unwind its years of inflation. If you think interest money should not be dead money, and you want to recover the interest you’ve paid through higher prices, you’re not really serious about ending the charade that allows politicians to “milk” the population through inflation.

And if you’re not ready, willing and able to take the loss, what makes you think you’re neighbor’s willing to be the fall guy and lose money on his house just to stop inflation?

When you understand the “love of money” that is rooted in the heart of man, you will understand why it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than it is for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God, taking steps to halt the devaluing of money through inflation on the way.

But by some strange coincidence, we don’t seem to think this description given by the Messiah applies to ourselves. It is always other people who have the love of money problem.

The sky is falling. Doom is near. Buy this or that stock. Buy gold. Buy anything that is a hard asset. Get rid of paper.

Why?

The economy is falling.

Why?

Because house prices have fallen.

So?

Bankruptcies are up.

So?

Doom is nigh.

That’s funny, I thought you just told me that house prices are falling? This means the purchasing power of my money in relation to homes has gone up. How is that a disaster?

Silence.

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There is another argument against debt — or if not against debt as such, it at least requires a very careful self-analysis to make sure we are not guilty of simple greed. Debt can do at least two things for people. First, it permits them to buy goods for which they do not have sufficient cash right now. They don’t have the funds right now and don’t want to wait until they can save it. Or they think they’ll never be able to save the required amount, and don’t want to miss out on the goods. This has nothing to do with sound management at all. Rather, it is the manifestation of greed in the heart of man. This impatience, a refusal to wait until the funds are saved, is founded on an attitude of laziness and lack of self-discipline, often an inability to save for the future. Neither attitude provides a proper excuse to borrow money.
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In the first three chapters on this topic of debt, I described the wealth creation process. Mankind was created with the mandate to be fruitful, to be innovative, to be productive, to look after God’s garden, preserve it, husband it, and in so doing create wealth for all to enjoy.

More importantly, however, it was seen that the process of putting aside for future use (savings) was the necessary step for economic advancement. Without savings there can be no process of ongoing economic development.

Debt is the opposite to the idea of saving. Continue reading

In chapter six of my book, Making Sense of Your Dollars: A Biblical Approach to Wealth, I discuss inflation and its causes. I argue that monetary inflation, an expansion of the money supply, causes price inflation. Monetary inflation, I also argued, was immoral, since it devalues the purchasing power of money as prices in the community rise. I pointed out that the two primary means of monetary inflation were using the presses to manufacture notes and coin and the creation of money through credit. It is this latter method of monetary inflation that we need to understand in relation to debt as well as in relation to biblical morality.
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Proverbs 6:1-3 says the following: “My son, if you become surety for your friend, If you have shaken hands in pledge for a stranger, You are snared by the words of your mouth; You are taken by the words of your mouth. So do this, my son, and deliver yourself; For you have come into the hand of your friend: Go and humble yourself; Plead with your friend.” These words are an encouragement to anyone who has taken the position as guarantor for any debts that he should do everything in his power to get out of this obligation. While this is not so much a specific command against debt, it is certainly an instruction from God that makes borrowing much more difficult.
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Think about words. Without them you’d find it difficult to communicate with others (even though some people are quite articulate with their hands). What do words mean? Who decides what they mean? What is the origin of language? If language comes from God, as our doctrine of creation implies, then it follows that the meaning of words must also come from God. Our basic definitions thus should come from God and not from man himself.
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The first argument against the use of debt is that the Bible tells us very plainly to avoid it. In a passage in Romans 13:8, the apostle Paul, writing under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, tells us that we should “owe no one anything except to love one another” (Rom. 13:8a).

There are some, however, who argue that this passage is not referring to financial debt. Commentators are divided on the matter, and when the scholars disagree it is often difficult for the layman to form an opinion. Their position, however, is usually presented as a statement without supporting evidence. Continue reading